Lung cancer is the disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. These abnormal cells do not function like normal lung cells. Abnormal cells may form in tumors that interfere with the proper function of the lungs that supply the body with oxygen through the blood.
Lung cancers are classified into primary and secondary cancers based on how they form.
Primary lung cancer:
Primary lung cancers start in the lung tissue itself and are classified into two types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The classification is based on the appearance of the cancer cells when viewed under a microscope.
small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
The nuclear diameter of small cells is about 6 to 8 microns or about twice that of lymphocytes and smaller than the size of normal lung cells.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) grows more quickly and spreads more quickly than non-small cell lung cancer. Generally, small cell lung cancer has a better response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy than non-small cell lung cancer.
Small cell lung cancer is usually caused by smoking, and rarely in non-smokers.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Non-small cell lung cancer cells are larger than normal cells. About 85% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers (also called undifferentiated carcinomas). The tumor cells in undifferentiated or abnormal carcinomas do not look like the cells from which they developed.
Three main types of non-small cell lung cancer:
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. It starts from the cells of the mucus-producing glands on the airways of the lungs.
Squamous cell or melanoma develops from squamous cells on the surface of the airways. Squamous cell lung cancer is usually diagnosed only after it has spread.
Large cell carcinoma, also called undifferentiated or anaplastic carcinoma, is a non-small cell lung carcinoma without the histological features of squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Poorly differentiated or undifferentiated lymphoma cells do not look like their original tissue. Megaloblasts have large nucleoli and rapid divisions.
It has been found that about 10 percent of people with lung cancer have both small cell and non-small cell carcinomas.
Secondary lung cancer:
Secondary lung cancer develops from another part of the body and spreads to the lungs. It could be breast cancer that has spread to the lungs.
Lung cancer symptoms:
Here are some signs and symptoms of lung cancer that has not yet spread to the chest. However, these signs and symptoms are usually mistaken for other health problems rather than lung cancer. Delays in detection and treatment make lung cancer a high-mortality cancer for both men and women. In an advanced stage, the probability of successful lung cancer treatment is very low.
Persistent and intense cough.
A change in the size or color of sputum.
Sad voice for a long time.
Coughing up blood, bloody mucus, or phlegm
Recurrent pneumonia, bronchitis and other lung problems.
Chest, shoulder or back pain that is not due to coughing.
Shortness of breath and other respiratory symptoms
The following symptoms may be experienced if lung cancer has spread from the chest to other parts of the body. Symptoms may or may not depend on the part of the body where the lung cancer has spread.
Fatigue and general weakness
headache, memory loss, mental changes or blurred vision if the cancer has spread to the brain
Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite.
Bone pain. A fracture is not caused by physical injury if the cancer has spread to the bone.
Back pain, loss of bladder or bowel function or paralysis if the cancer is already in the spinal cord.
Other symptoms
Lung cancer stages:
The stages of lung cancer provide the patient and medical professionals with information about the severity of the disease. The different stages usually describe the size of the tumor and how far the cancer has spread in the body. Cancer stages help doctors determine a treatment plan and assess a patient’s outlook.
Small cell and non-small cell lung cancer have different staging systems
Stages of non-small cell lung cancer
The staging system for NSCLC uses the numbers 1-4 or Roman numerals I-IV and sometimes in combination with letters such as IIIA or 3A.
Therefore, if the diagnosis is stage I, patients and all involved in their treatment know that the cancer, which is still inside the lungs, has not spread to any lymph nodes. Then, if it is already in stage four, they know that the cancer is already in the “most advanced” stage and has spread to other parts of the body.
Stages of small cell lung cancer
There are two stages of small cell lung cancer – limited and expanded stages.
Limited stage: Cancer is only in one part of the lungs and surrounding lymph nodes. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Lung cancer is still more curable.
Extensive stage: Lung cancer in this stage has spread outside the lungs to other organs in the chest or other parts of the body. Generally, small cell lung cancer at this stage is considered incurable and surgery to remove the cancerous portion is no longer an option. Depending on the patient’s overall health, the oncologist may recommend chemotherapy and radiation to relieve symptoms, shrink the tumor and stop it from spreading further.
Why do people want to get lung cancer screening and treatment in Turkey?
Early, prompt, and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is essential in developing a treatment plan. People who choose to have lung cancer treatment in Turkey will find that many healthcare facilities that can provide them with the highest quality of diagnosis, treatment and aftercare are readily available to you.
Li control the growth of cancer.
Radiation therapy uses a high dose of energy in the area of the liver to kill cancer cells.
Treatment success rates are improved by using modern, minimally invasive medical equipment and procedures that allow patients to recover in a shorter period of time.
Why do people want to have liver cancer treatment in Turkey?
In Turkey, one can definitely find world-renowned best hospitals and private cancer treatment centers that are quality oriented and famous for their hygiene attitudes.
There are three main reasons why even people from other countries prefer liver cancer treatment in Turkey:
Availability of well-equipped hospitals and well-trained doctors who are accredited by reputable international organizations.
Most affordable costs for various liver cancer treatment procedures that can be checked online or through phone calls.
Hospitality is a medical facility in terms of providing multilingual staff and medical professionals as well as comfortable waiting areas for patient companions.
1. Turkey has good oncologists and hospitals
The high standards of private and state healthcare facilities in Turkey are set and regularly monitored by the Ministry of Health and the Turkish Medical Association. Many hospitals have also been inspected and accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI), the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JACHO), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and other local and international accreditation bodies.
In fact, the country’s Ministry of Health owns and operates more than half of more than a thousand hospitals in Turkey. The government also gives tax incentives for investments in hospitals and healthcare facilities. This is why hospitals in Turkey are able to provide their patients with the latest in medical facilities, expertise and care.
